Advanced Placement (AP) Computer Science 2025 - Free AP Computer Science Practice Questions and Study Guide

A protocol in networking refers to a set of standards or rules that govern how data is transmitted and received across a network. It defines the procedures, formats, and conventions that devices must follow to communicate effectively. Understanding such protocols is crucial because they ensure interoperability between different devices and systems, allowing them to work together seamlessly.

For instance, protocols dictate how error checking occurs, how data packets are formed, and how connections are initiated and terminated. Examples of widely used networking protocols include HTTP, TCP/IP, and FTP. These standards provide the essential framework that enables various technologies to exchange information in a reliable and efficient manner.

Other options, while related to networking in various ways, do not accurately define what a protocol is. The focus on standards for communication makes the chosen answer the most precise and appropriate in this context.