Advanced Placement (AP) Computer Science 2025 - Free AP Computer Science Practice Questions and Study Guide

The correct answer is "Domain Name System." This term refers to the hierarchical naming system used for identifying resources on the internet. DNS translates user-friendly domain names (like www.example.com) into IP addresses (like 192.0.2.1), which are necessary for locating and identifying computer services and devices with the underlying numeric address system.

Understanding DNS is fundamental in networking because it enables users to access websites and services with readable names rather than having to remember complex numeric IP addresses. This system also includes various components such as DNS servers, resolvers, and zones, which work together to facilitate the translation and querying process efficiently.

The other choices suggest alternative interpretations, but they do not accurately define the well-established technology and protocol that is critical for the functioning of the internet as we know it today.