Advanced Placement (AP) Computer Science

What is the role of Certificate Authorities in internet security?

1. To maintain server uptime

2. To issue certificates that verify user and computer identities

3. To provide free internet access

4. To enhance website loading speeds

The correct answer is: To issue certificates that verify user and computer identities

Certificate Authorities (CAs) play a crucial role in internet security by issuing digital certificates that verify the identities of users and computers. When a website uses HTTPS, the CA confirms that the website is legitimate and that people can trust it. This process involves creating a secure connection between the user’s browser and the server, preventing eavesdropping and ensuring data integrity. The digital certificates serve as electronic credentials that provide assurance about the identity of the entities involved in online transactions. For instance, when you see a padlock icon in the browser's address bar, it signifies that a valid certificate from a trusted CA is in place, confirming that your connection is secure and that the site is authentic. This verification process is fundamental to establishing trust on the internet, allowing users to engage in online transactions, share personal information, and communicate safely. Without the work of Certificate Authorities, it would be challenging to establish this level of trust, leading to increased risk of fraud and security breaches in online interactions.